Web development is the process of building websites and apps for the internet—or for a private network known as an intranet. Web developers bring the design and functionality of a website to life, writing code that determines things like style, layout, and interactivity. From the most simple, static web pages to social media platforms and apps; from e-commerce websites to content management systems (like WordPress)—all the tools we use via the internet have been built by web developers. There are three different types (or layers) of web development: The frontend, the backend, and database technology. Frontend development, otherwise known as client-side scripting, encompasses all the elements of a website that the user experiences directly. Things like layout, font, colors, menus, and contact forms are all powered by the frontend. Backend development, or server-side scripting, is all about what goes on behind the scenes. When you interact with a website in some way—for example, filling out a form and clicking “submit”—the frontend communicates this action to the backend. The backend responds by sending the relevant information to the frontend—for example, the code needed to display a message such as “Thank you for filling out this form”. The third layer comprises database technology. The database contains all the files and content that are necessary for a website to function, storing it in such a way that makes it easy to retrieve, organize, edit, and save. The frontend, backend, and database technology all work together to build and run a fully functional website or application. As such, these three layers form the foundation of web development. What does a web developer do? Broadly speaking, web developers are responsible for building and maintaining websites and apps. This involves writing code, identifying and fixing bugs, and collaborating with key stakeholders and designers to ensure that the products they’re building meet the needs of both the business and the user. However, the exact role of the web developer varies depending on whether they specialize in frontend development, backend development, or the full stack. Frontend developers implement all the visual and interactive elements of a website that the user sees. Based on wireframes and prototypes provided by the design team, they use languages such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS to bring the website to life. This includes coding the layout, navigational elements such as buttons and scrollbars, images, color schemes, and forms—anything that’s displayed on the website. They’re also responsible for carrying out usability tests and fixing any bugs. Backend developers are responsible for building and maintaining the behind-the-scenes technology that powers the frontend. Essentially, backend developers write code which ensures that everything the frontend developer builds is fully functional. Typical backend development tasks include creating, integrating, and managing the database, building software using backend frameworks, and developing and deploying content management systems—to name just a few. Just like frontend developers, backend developers are also responsible for testing and debugging. Full stack developers are proficient in both the frontend and the backend. Typical tasks include developing frontend and backend software using languages such as Ruby, Python, Java, PHP, and JavaScript, creating and debugging database related queries, and generally overseeing web development projects. Web development tools Web developers use a range of different tools and technologies in their day-to-day work— primarily languages, libraries, and frameworks